Me pēhea te hunga manene e whakarerekē ana i te āhuatanga ohaoha o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa? Te tātaritanga o ngā ia a-rohe me ngā pānga mō te wā roa.

Arataki

Ko Ōhia kua roa e kiia ana he 'whenua manene'. Tae noa ki te waenga o te tau 2020, i roto i te tata ki te 41.8 miriona taupori o te rohe, e 9.1 miriona te rahi o te hunga manene o te ao, e 22% ōwehenga, he nui rawa atu i te taumata toharite o te ao. Ko Ahitereiria (30%) me Aotearoa (29%) e tino kitea ana te ōwehenga manene, ko ngā whenua moutere o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa (hāunga a Parao me Nauru) he 2.2% noa iho te toharite. Kāore ēnei nekeneke i te hanga i te hanganga taupori anake, engari e whai pānga hōhonu ana ki te mākete mahi o te rohe, ngā whiwhinga me ngā whakapaunga pūtea, ngā tauhokohoko me ngā tirohanga whanaketanga mō te wā roa.

Ko tēnei tuhinga e hāngai ana ki ngā raraunga whaimana mai i Te Tari o te Kotahitanga o ngā Whenua o te Ao mō ngā Take Ōhanga me te Hapori, Te Pēke o te Ao, me ētahi atu, hei tātari i te āhua o te heke manene e noho ana hei kaitaunaki matua o te ōhanga o Ōhia, me te tūhura i ngā rerekētanga o te pānga ki ngā whenua rerekē (Ahitereiria, Aotearoa me ngā whenua moutere o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa), me ngā ia ā-rohe ka puta ake ā muri ake.

Papakōrero: Te hītori o te hononga moana me te āhua o te heke manene o nāianei

Ko te hītori heke manene o Ōhia e hoki ana ki te taenga mai o ngā iwi taketake ki Ahitereiria i 6.5 tau mano ki muri, me te hekenga whakatere waka o ngā tāngata Poronīhia i tata ki te 3000 tau ki muri. I te wā koroni i tae mai ngā manene Pākehā me ngā kaimahi kirimana (pērā i ngā kaimahi iwi Īnia i tae ki Whītī), ā, i puta mai ngā hononga i muri i te koronitanga ki Piritene, te Hononga-o-Amerika, me Wīwī. I nāianei, neke atu i te haurua (tata ki te 1.02 miriona) o ngā manene i whānau mai i Ōhia e kōwhiri ana ki te noho hei manene huri noa i te rohe, inarā ko te rere mai i ngā whenua moutere o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa ki Ahitereiria me Aotearoa.

I tēnei wā, ko Ahitereiria te whenua nui rawa atu e whiwhi ana i ngā manene i roto i te rohe, ā, i te tau 2020 e 7.7 miriona ngā kainoho i whānau mai i tāwāhi, ko ngā whenua tino nui mai i a Piritene (1.29 miriona), Haina (653,000), Aotearoa (611,000), Īnia (579,000) me Piripīni (286,000). Ko Aotearoa e whiwhi ana i tata ki te 1.4 miriona manene, ko ngā whenua matua ko Piritene, Haina, Īnia, Ahitereiria me Āwherika ki te Tonga. Ko ngā whenua moutere o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa, ko Papua Nūkini me Whītī te nui ake o te toenga manene, engari he iti rawa te rahi ina whakaritea ki Ahitereiria me Aotearoa.

Wetewete hōhonu: Pēhea te pānga o te heke manene ki te ōhanga rohe?

Pānga ōhanga rohe: Taonga mahi me te huanga taupori

Mō Ahitereiria me Aotearoa, ko te heke manene te kīwaha ki te whakautu i te koroheketanga o te taupori, me te pupuri i te kaha o te mākete mahi. Mai i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao, kua whakawhānuitia e Ahitereiria ngā kaupapa heke manene hei whakakī i te korenga o kaimahi me te whakatairanga i te tipu o te taupori. I te tau pūtea 2022-2023, ko te uara o te ahumahi mātauranga ā-ao o Ahitereiria i tae ki te $36.4 piriona tāra Ahitereiria, me te whakaaetanga o 590,000 whakaaetanga ākonga ā-ao; ko Aotearoa i taua wā, ko te uara o te ahumahi mātauranga i $3.7 piriona tāra Aotearoa, me te whakaaetanga o 72,000 whakaaetanga ākonga. Kāore ēnei ākonga e whakarato noa i te utu kura, engari ka noho hei wāhanga nui o te kaimahi rangitahi.

Ko ngā whenua moutere o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa e anga ana ki te raru nui o 'te rerenga o ngā pūkenga'.CONTEXT_BEFORE: Ka whakawhiwhia e ēnei ākonga i ngā utu ako, ā, hei wāhanga nui hoki o te kaha mahi rangitahi.

TEXT_TO_TRANSLATE: Ko ngā whenua moutere o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa e tūtaki ana i te raru "rerenga o ngā hinengaro". Ko te hekenga o ngā kaimahi hauora i Whītī, Papua Nūkini, Hāmoa me Tonga i pēhia ai te pūnaha tūroro o te whenua. Heoi, he nui tonu ngā painga moni whakahoki i te hekenga. I te tau 2023, i whiwhi a Tonga i te 41% o tōna GDP hei moni whakahoki, ko te teitei rawa o te ao; ko Hāmoa te 28%, ko Vanuatu, Ngā Moutere Mārara, Timor-ki-te-Rāwhiti tata ki te 10%-12% ia. Kei te piki tonu te moni whakahoki ki ētahi whenua: i piki te 9% ki $500 miriona ngā moni whakahoki ki Whītī i te tau 2023, i piki te 4.2% ki $85 miriona ki Hāmoa, i piki te 31% ki $244 miriona ki Timor-ki-te-Rāwhiti. Engari, i heke iho te moni whakahoki ki Kiripāti, Hāmoa, Tonga, Tuvalu me Vanuatu i te tau 2023, nā te pai ake o te ahumahi tāpoi i te whenua e noho ai ngā kaimahi.

Ngā pānga tauhokohoko: te rere o te kai me te haumi

Ehara te hekenga i te kaimahi anake, engari he kaihoko, he kaipūtea hoki. Ko te hekenga mai i Haina ki Ahitereiria me Aotearoa i hanga i te mākete kai nui, ā, i whakapiki hoki i ngā hononga tauhokohoko ki Āhia. Hei tauira, ko ngā hoko atu a Ahitereiria ki Haina (rango, hau, me ētahi atu) i whai hua i ngā whatumahi arumoni o te hapori Hainamana. Ko ngā kaupapa kaimahi mō te wā (pērā i te Kaupapa Kaimahi moana-nui-a-Kiwa o Ahitereiria, te Kaupapa Kaimahi Wā Kua Whakaaetia o Aotearoa) e whakarato tika ana i te mahi me te whakawhitinga pūkenga ki ngā whenua moutere o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa, ka huri ēnei moni whakahoki hei kai me te haumi i te whenua.

I tua atu, he tino pou o te ōhanga ā-rohe te tāpoi. I te tau 2023, i manaaki a Parao (1.8 anake te taupori) i neke atu i te 35,000 manuhiri (tata ki te rua o tōna taupori), i te tau 2019 ko te tini o ngā manuhiri e rima o te taupori. I manaaki a Whītī i te tau 2023 i te 636,000 manuhiri, ko te tāpoi te 34% o te GDP i te tau 2019. Ko te rere o ngā heke me ngā manuhiri i whakapiki i ngā mahi rererangi, nohonga, kai, me ērā atu mahi, engari ko te whakawhirinaki ki te tāpoi e whakaraerae ai te ōhanga ki ngā pānga o waho.

Ngā pānga haumi: Moni whakahoki me te pūtea whakawhanake

Kua noho te moni whakahoki hei pūtea nui rawa atu o waho mō ngā whenua moutere o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa, i tua atu i te āwhina whanaketanga whai mana. E ai ki ngā raraunga a te Peeke o te Ao, i te tau 2023 he nui tonu te ōwehenga o te GDP o ētahi whenua o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa i whiwhi i te moni whakahoki. Ka tautoko ēnei moni tika i te kai o te whānau, te mātauranga, me te whare, engari he iti noa iho te whakamahi mō te haumi whaihua. I taua wā, ka whakapau haumi ngā heke i Ahitereiria me Aotearoa ki ō rātou whenua taketake mā ngā hononga whakapapa, pērā i ngā whare me ngā pakihi iti i Whītī, Hāmoa hoki. Ā muri ake, ka taea e ngā umanga pūtea whanaketanga (pērā i te Peeke Whanaketanga Āhia) te hoahoa taputapu hei whakawhiti i te moni whakahoki ki ngā kaupapa hanganga me te pūngao whakahou.

Ngā pānga whanaketanga: Te rawa tangata mo te wā roa me ngā wero hanganga

Mō ngā whenua moutere o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa, ko te hekenga he putanga me te raru anō hoki. I tētahi taha, ko ngā kaupapa kaimahi mō te wā e whakapiki ana i ngā pūkenga o ngā kaimahi, ā, i te hokinga mai ka āwhina pea i te pakihi hou; i tētahi taha, ko te hekenga tūturu o ngā kaimahi pūkenga nui (pērā i ngā tākuta, mīhini) e whakaiti ana i te kaha o ngā ratonga tūmatanui. Ko ngā kaupapa here hekenga o Ahitereiria me Aotearoa e aro ana ki te kukume i ngā kaimahi pūkenga nui, e whakakaha ana i te taurite kore o te rawa tangata ā-rohe. Hei tauira, ko te rārangi hekenga pūkenga o Ahitereiria e whakaarotau ana i ngā umanga hauora me te mīhini, e kuhu tika ana i ngā tohunga onge o ngā whenua moutere o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa.

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CONTEXT_AFTER: ### Whakatairite ā-rohe: Ahitereiria me Aotearoa vs.### Whakataurite ā-Rohe: Ahitereiria me Aotearoa ki ngā Whenua o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa

| Āhuatanga | Ahitereiria / Aotearoa | Ngā Whenua o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa | |-----------|------------------------|-----------------------------------| | ōrau kaihau | 30%/29% | 2.2% te toharite (hāunga a Palau, Nauru) | | Pānga ōhanga | Whakakī i te kaimahi, whakaputa mātauranga, piki haere o te kaihoko | Whakawhirinaki ki ngā moni tuku, heke o te tohungatanga, ahumahi tāpoi | | Aronga kaupapa here | Kaimahi tohunga, ākonga ā-ao, kaimahi kaupeka | Rōpū kaimahi manene, whakahaere ngāwari i ngā moni tuku, whakangungu pūkenga | | Wero | Pēhitanga whare, kaha kawe i ngā hanganga | Tūponotanga o ngā ratonga tūmatanui, whakaraerae ōhanga |

Ngā Pānga ā-Rohe

Ko te pūnaha neke tangata o te katoa o Te Ao-o-Kiwa he "tahora hurihuri": e hiahia ana a Ahitereiria me Aotearoa ki te kaimahi, e hiahia ana ngā whenua o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa ki te moni whiwhi; e whakarato ana a Ahitereiria me Aotearoa i te mātauranga, e rapu ana ngā rangatahi o ngā moutere i te whai wāhi; ko te tāpoi me te kaimahi kaupeka e kawe ana i te tangata ki roto i te rohe, ko ngā moni tuku me ngā haumi whakahoki e whakahoki ana i te moni. Ko tēnei whakawhirinaki tahi e mea ana ko ngā panoni kaupapa here o tētahi taha ka pānga atu ki waho o te rohe.

Hei tauira, mēnā ka whakawhāiti a Ahitereiria i ngā whakaaetanga uru mō ngā ākonga ā-ao ka pā tonu ki te ahumahi mātauranga (e tata ana ki te 2% o GDP), ā, ka whakaiti i te whai wāhi mō ngā ākonga nō ngā whenua o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa ki te whakangungu. Engari, mēnā ka whakawhānui a Ahitereiria i te kaupapa kaimahi o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa (pērā i tāna i whakaū ai kia 35,000 ngā tārainga i te tau 2025), ka taea e ia te whakamāmā i te pēhitanga mahi mō ngā whenua o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa, engari tera pea e whakapiki ake i te koretake o te kaimahi i roto i a ia anō. I tua atu, ko te neke tangata nā te panoni āhuarangi—arā, "ngā manene āhuarangi"—ka tū hei take hou mō te rohe. I te mea ko ngā whenua moutere iti (pērā i Kiritimati, Tuvalu) e kore e taea te noho i ēnei wā, tērā pea ka pāngia a Ahitereiria me Aotearoa e te pēhitanga nui ki te whakanoho i ēnei manene, e hiahiatia ana kia whakaurua ki roto i tētahi anga whanaketanga ā-rohe mō te wā roa.

Ngā Āhua mo te Wā Roa: Titiro ki ngā Tau 3-10 e Heke Mai Nei

• 3 tau (ki te tau 2027): Ka whakarerekē tonu a Ahitereiria me Aotearoa i ngā rōpū manene ki te whakatutuki i te pikinga utu me te raruraru whare o roto, tērā pea ka whakawhāititia ngā whakaaetanga mō ngā ākonga ā-ao, engari ka noho tuwhera tonu ngā ara mō te kaimahi tohunga. Ka whāiti te tipu o ngā moni tuku ki ngā whenua o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa nā te pikinga utu ā-ao me te pōturi o te ōhanga o ngā whenua haere, engari tērā pea ka piki haere ngā tārainga mō te kaimahi kaupeka.
• 5 tau (ki te tau 2029): Ka whakapiki te hōhonutanga o ngā tikanga neke tangata i waenganui i a Ahitereiria me Aotearoa ki ngā whenua o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa, tērā pea ka puta he whakaaetanga neke tangata noa mō te rohe (pērā i te tauira EU engari e whāiti ana). Ka ngana ngā ōhanga nunui pērā i Whītī me Papua Nūkini ki te pupuri i te mātauranga mā te whakangungu pūkenga, engari he poto te whai hua i te wā poto.
• 10 tau (ki te tau 2034): Ko te panoni āhuarangi e āki ana i ētahi iwi nō ngā moutere o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa kia neke ki waho, ā, ka kaha a Ahitereiria me Aotearoa ki te whakaae ki ngā manene āhuarangi, nā reira ka whakarerekē i te tohatoha taupori me te whakaritenga pūtea o te rohe. I te wā anō, ka whakaterina te neke o te hunga kaimahi ki te hunga rangatahi ake, ā, ko ngā whenua o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa pea te pūtake matua.

Whakataunga## Whakataunga

Ehara te heke i te tāpiringa noa ki te ōhanga o Oceania, engari ko tōna anga matua. Mai i te hokohoko mātauranga me te whakakī kaimahi o Ahitereiria me Aotearoa, ki ngā raina ora whakawhiti moni me te mahi tāpoi o ngā moutere o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa, ka whai wāhi te neke tangata ki ia wahanga whakatipu ōhanga. Heoi, ko tēnei whakawhirinakitanga e kawe mai ana i te whakaraerae: ko te rerenga o ngā pūkenga e horo i ngā ratonga tūmatanui o ngā moutere, ko te tino whakawhirinaki ki ngā whakawhitinga moni e whakakore ana i te auahatanga ā-rohe, ā, me whakataurite a Ahitereiria me Aotearoa i ngā utu hapori o te heke. Me neke atu te mahi tahi ā-rohe i mua i ngā whiriwhiri tatau kaimahi noa, ki te whakahaere whānui mō te nekeneke – tae atu ki te whakawhiti pūkenga ā-taha rua, ngā ara heke mō te urutau āhuarangi, me te ārahi i ngā whakawhitinga moni ki ngā whakangao whaihua. Ko te kaha o te ōhanga o Oceania, kei runga i tōna āheinga ki te huri i te nekeneke o te "tangata" hei whai wāhi whanaketanga tauwhiro mō te katoa.

*Puna Raraunga: Te Tari o te UN mō ngā Take Ōhanga me te Hapori (2020); Te Peke o te Ao, Te Whakapoto mō te Heke me te Whanaketanga 40 (2024); Te Kāwanatanga o Ahitereiria (2024); Te Tari Heke o Aotearoa (2024); Te Kāwanatanga o Palau (2023); Te Tari Tatauranga o Whīti (2023)*