Me pēhea te hanganga hou o ngā kaweake hua ahuwhenua o Amerika Latina e whakahou ai i ngā mekameka tuku o te ao: Ngā whai wāhi me ngā wero mō Oceania

Me pēhea te āhua hou o ngā kaweake hua ahuwhenua o Amerika Latina e whakahōu ana i te mekameka tuku o te ao: Ngā whai wāhi me ngā wero mō Oceania

E ai ki te pūrongo hou a te Komihana Ōhanga o te Kotahitanga o ngā Whenua mō Amerika Latina me te Karipiana (ECLAC), kei te tino hurihia te mapi o ngā kaweake hua ahuwhenua o Amerika Latina i tēnei wā. Ko Haina me Amerika ngā mākete nui e rua, ko te pūnaha tono a ēnei whenua e whakatau anō ana i ngā rerenga tauhokohoko o Amerika ki te Tonga, o Amerika Waenga me te Karipiana. Mai i te soya me te mīti kau o Brazil, ki te konukura me te puru rākau o Chile, tae atu ki ngā kai tukinotia me ngā hua ahuwhenua o Mexico, ko te whanaketanga o te āhua kaweake o Amerika Latina e hanga anō ana i ia wahanga o te mekameka tuku kai o te ao. Heoi anō, kāore ngā pānga o tēnei panoni e noho noa i te takutai o te Moana Ranatiki me Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa; e ahu tika atu ana ki Oceania — he rohe e whakawhirinaki ana ki te kaweake i ngā hua ahuwhenua me ngā rawa, ā, he mahi nui tāna i ngā mākete o Āhia. Ka tākareti tēnei tuhinga i ngā pānga hōhonu o te whakahounga tauhokohoko ahuwhenua a Amerika Latina ki te ōhanga, te tauhokohoko me te whakangao o Oceania, me te tirotiro i ngā ara mō Ahitereiria, Aotearoa me ngā whenua moutere o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa ki te whakatika i tēnei mekameka tuku o te ao.

Papamuri: Te ahu o te mekameka tuku o te ao ki ngā pito maha

I roto i ngā tau tekau kua taha ake nei, kua noho a Haina hei kaihōkō matua mō ngā kaweake hua ahuwhenua o Amerika ki te Tonga. E ai ki ngā raraunga a ECLAC, kua eke a Haina hei whenua tino nui rawa atu mō ngā kaweake mai i ngā whenua o Amerika ki te Tonga pēnei i Brazil, Chile me Peru, e hipoki ana i ngā hua rautaki pēnei i te soya, te mīti kau, te puru rākau me ngā kōhuke. I taua wā tonu, ko Amerika te mana nui i te tauhokohoko o Mexico me Amerika Waenga, ko te Karipiana he hanganga mākete marara noa. Ehara tēnei ahuatanga rua ara i te hua noa iho o te tūtata o te whenua, engari he whakaaturanga tonu o te taupatupatu matawhenua tōrangapū, o ngā kirimana tauhokohoko noa, me te whakataetae rautaki o te mekameka tuku.

Kei te huri te mekameka tuku kai o te ao mai i te tauira “pokapū-tāwaho” kotahi ki tētahi kupenga matatini e tohu ana ki te whaitiranga, te whakawhanaunga ā-rohe, me te kaha pakari. Mō Oceania, ehara te mārama ki ngā rerekētanga o Amerika Latina i te mātakitaki noa, engari nā te mea ka whakatau tika i te pūmau o te tū rangatira o Ahitereiria me Aotearoa i ngā mākete o Āhia, me te āhua anō o ngā whenua moutere o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa ki te aro atu ki ngā ahuatanga hou o te kawe mōana, te whakahaere rawa, me te haumaru kai.

Tātaritanga Hōhonu: Te aronganui rua o te whakataetae me te mahi tahi

Te whakataetae ōrite i ngā mākete kaweake hua ahuwhenua

Ko Amerika Latina rāua ko Oceania he kaiwhakataetae, ā, he hoa mahi anō hoki, i ngā mākete ahuwhenua o te ao. Kei te whakataetae kaha a Ahitereiria me Aotearoa ki ngā whenua o Amerika Latina (ko Brazil, Argentina me Uruguay te mea nui) mō te wāhi o te tēpu o te hunga waenganui o Āhia, mō ngā momo pēnei i te mīti kau, te miraka, te wūru me te kaimoana. Nā te pōtehe o te tipu o te hiahia i te mākete o Haina, me te kaha ake o te aro ki te utu, ko te whaihua o te mekameka tuku me ngā painga o ngā kirimana tauhokohoko noa te mea nui mō te whakataetae. Hei tauira, ko te pakanga tōtika i waenga i ngā kaihoko kaweake mīti kau o Ahitereiria me ngā kaihoko o Brazil i te mākete o Haina, me te whakataetae i waenga i ngā hua miraka o Aotearoa me te umanga miraka o Argentina, e whakaatu ana i ngā rerekētanga ngāwari o te āhua tauhokohoko.Heoi anō, kei te noho tonu te wāhi mō te mahi tahi. He kaiwhakarato hua ahuwhenua matua a Amerika Latina rāua ko Oceania i te rohe o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa. He nui te noho hāngai o ā rāua mahi i roto i te whakarato hua ahuwhenua i ngā wā kē, te rangahau hangarau ahuwhenua, me ngā mahi ahuwhenua tauwhiro hei whakautu i ngā huringa āhuarangi. Ko te rere o ngā moni whakahaere i waenga i ngā rohe me te mahi tahi i ngā hangarau ahuwhenua, kei te raranga i tētahi whatunga ahuwhenua o Āhia me Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa, e kore e herea ki te hokohoko noa; e whakaatu ana i tētahi tirohanga hou mō te manawaroa o te raupapa tuku.

Ngā Pānga ā-Rohe: Ngā Take Rerekē mō Ahitereiria, Aotearoa me ngā Moutere o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa

Mō Ahitereiria, ko te kaha whakawhānui o ngā hoko atu ahuwhenua a Amerika Latina he wero kōrua. I tētahi taha, ko ngā kākano, ngā mīti me ngā hua miraka a Ahitereiria e whakataetaehia ana i ngā mākete o Āhia me ngā utu kaha ake; inā koa i te wā e pāhekeheke ana te hononga o Ahitereiria me Haina, kua nui ake te pēhanga kia whakawhānuihia ngā mākete. I tētahi taha, i te mea he whenua hoko atu hua ahuwhenua a Ahitereiria ki te ao katoa, ka taea pea tōna tūranga matawhenua me tōna mahi hei pokapū raupapa tuku te aro anō a ngā moni whakahaere nā te whakatikatika o te raupapa tuku. Me whakapau kaha ngā kaihoko atu ki te hanga i ngā tohu rerekē, ki te whiwhi tohu tauwhiro, me te whakamahi i ngā kirimana hokohoko kore utu ā-rohe, kia mau tonu ai te painga whakataetae.

Kei te kite tika a Aotearoa i te whakaaweawe a Amerika Latina ki ngā mākete hua miraka me te mīti. Ko ngā kamupene, arā ko Fonterra te upoko, kei te huri i ō rātou titiro ki te tonga-rāwhiti o Āhia me te Rāwhiti Waenga, kia kore ai rātou e whakawhirinaki ki te mākete kotahi o Haina. I te anō, nā te nui o ngā utu mō Aotearoa i ngā huarahi kaipuke o te ao, kei te toro ngā kaihoko atu nei ki te mahi tahi me ngā tauranga o Amerika Latina mō te kawe maha, hei whakaheke i ngā utu raupapa tuku katoa. Mā tēnei āhua e ākina ai ngā kaihoko atu hua ahuwhenua o Oceania ki te arotake anō i ā rātou whatunga raupapa tuku o te ao.

Ko ngā whenua moutere o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa he rerekē rawa tō rātou āhuatanga. He whenua kawemai kai noa ake, e whakawhirinaki ana ki te pūmau o ngā utu kai o te ao me ngā kai āwhina o te ao. Nā te kaha o ngā whenua hoko atu o Amerika Latina ki te whakarato i ngā momo kai maha, ka nui ake ngā kōwhiringa mō rātou i te tiki kai mai i waho, ā, ka iti iho te mōrearea nā te kore rawa o kai i tētahi rohe. Heoi anō, ko te pikinga o ngā utu raupapa tuku o te ao, te pae o ngā tauranga, me ngā pākia āhuarangi kino, kei te whakatūpato i te taumata haumaru kai o ngā moutere. Kua mōhio a Whīti rāua ko Papua Nūkini ki te hiranga o te whakamononga anō i te ahuwhenua o te motu, kia kaha ake ai te kaha ki te ātete i te motumotu o te raupapa tuku, engari me whānui ake te whai wāhi ki ngā mākete me te tautoko i ngā hanganga.

Ngā Pānga ā-Moni: Te Rere o ngā Moni ki ngā Hanganga me ngā Whatunga Raupapa Tuku

Kua mau i ngā moni o te ao ngā huarahi hōu e puta ana i te whakatikatika o te raupapa tuku. Ko ngā tauranga, ngā whare matao, me ngā pokapū raupapa tuku o Amerika Latina kei te kukume mai i ngā moni nui o tāwāhi, engari he pērā anō te tikanga mō Oceania. Nā te nui haere o te hokohoko kai o te ao, ko ngā tauranga me ngā raupapa tuku makariri o Oceania pea te aronga nui o te wāhanga moni e tū mai ana. Kei te ākina e ngā kaihoko atu o Ahitereiria me Aotearoa te whakahaere moni ki ngā hangarau matao, te whai i te ara matihiko, me te tuku ki te whāinga whakamutunga, kia mārama ake te raupapa tuku. I tēnei wā, ka whakaaroa pea e ngā kaiwhakahaere moni o te ao ko Oceania te "whanga haumaru" i te raupapa tuku kai; i te mea kei te piki haere ngā mōrearea tōrangapū ā-rohe, he mea tino kukume te pūmau o āna hua ahuwhenua me āna tikanga whakahaere matatau.Ko te mea tino nui ake, kei te tirohia te hononga kaipuke tika i waenga i Amerika Latina me Ōhia. Ka taea pea e tēnei te whakaheke i ngā utu arorangi i waenga i ngā hua rākau, mīti o Amerika ki te Tonga me ngā hua miraka o Ōhia, ā, ka puta he huarahi hou mō te hokohoko ā-rua. Ki te whakakotahitia te tīmatanga o ēnei hononga hanganga me te whakapāpā hohonu o ngā kirimana hokohoko ā-rohe, ka taea pea te hanga i tētahi ara arorangi ahuwhenua e whiti ana i Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa ki te Tonga i roto i ngā tau tekau kei mua.

Ngā ia mō te wā roa: torangapu matawhenua, toitūtanga, me te manawaroa o ngā mekameka tuku

Mō ngā tau e rima ki te tekau kei mua, ka tino piri tonu te onepū o ngā hua ahuwhenua kaweake a Amerika Latina ki te torangapu matawhenua. Ko ngā haumitanga a Haina i ngā tauranga me ngā whare putunga witi i ngā whenua pērā i Parīhi me Āketina, kei te whakatū i tētahi pūnaha tohatoha witi e karo ana i te pūnaha e whakahaerehia ana e te Hononga o Amerika. Me āta tiaki e ngā whenua o Ōhia tō rātou mana motuhake hokohoko i waenga i ngā mākete nui e rua. Kua whakapakari a Ahitereiria i ōna hononga mekameka tuku ahuwhenua ki ASEAN mā te Whakaaetanga ā-Rohe mō te Mahi Ōhanga (RCEP), ā, kei te kaha a Aotearoa ki te whakatairanga i ngā hononga mahi ahuwhenua matihiko, me te whakamahi i ōna painga hangarau ki te whai wāhi ki te whakatakoto paerewa ahuwhenua ā-ao.

Ā, i taua wā tonu, ko te toitūtanga me te whakakore waro e noho ana hei taiepa hou, hei puna whakataetae hoki mō te hokohoko hua ahuwhenua. Ka whakamahi ngā whenua o Amerika Latina i ō rātou whenua whānui me ngā rawa whakahou i te taiao ki te kaweake i te “mīti kau kākāriki”, engari ko ngā mahi ahuwhenua o Ōhia e kaha ake ana te aukati i ngā ture mō te tuku waro a ngā kāhui kararehe me te whakahaere whenua. Ka huri tēnei āhua i ngā whakataunga hoko a ngā kaihoko, ā, ka puta mai he mākete hokohoko waro āhuwhenua hou. Ko ngā whenua o Ōhia ka whai wāhi ki te whakatū i tō rātou tūranga hei kaiwhakatakoto ture ā-ao mā ngā auahatanga hangarau ahuwhenua matua (pērā i te ahuwhenua tika me te whakaheke waro metana).

Ngā Pānga ā-Rohe

Mō te rohe katoa o Ōhia, e whakaatu ana te hanganga anō o ngā hua ahuwhenua kaweake a Amerika Latina i ētahi tohu matua:

Tuatahi, ko te kanorau o te hokohoko ā-rohe te kōwhiringa e tika ana. Ahakoa ko ngā kōhuke me ngā hua ahuwhenua a Ahitereiria, ko ngā hua miraka a Aotearoa, e kore e taea te whakawhirinaki tonu ki tētahi mākete kotahi. Ko te angitu o Amerika Latina (pērā i te kirimana hokohoko kore utu a Hiri me Haina) e tohu ana ka taea e te auaha o ngā pūnaha hokohoko te huri wawe ki te wāhi mākete. Me tere ake a Ōhia ki te whakahou ake i ngā kirimana hokohoko ki ngā whenua o Āhia ki te Tonga-mā-Rāwhiti, Te Rāwhiti Waenganui, me ngā whenua moutere o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa, kia hangaia he pūnaha kaweake maha-tonu.

Tuarua, me whai ngā whenua moutere o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa i tētahi tirohanga haumarutanga hou. E hono ana te haumarutanga kai, te haumarutanga pūngao, me te haumarutanga āhuarangi; kua waiho te manawaroa o te mekameka tuku hei wāhanga matua o te haumarutanga motu. Me whakamahi ngā moutere i ō rātou rohe ōhanga motuhake ki te whakawhanake i ngā mahi ahumoana, me te mahi tahi me Ahitereiria me Aotearoa ki te hanga i tētahi whatunga uara ahuwhenua e hāngai tonu ana ki Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa. Mā te mahi tahi ā-rohe, ka kaha ake te haumarutanga kai me te kaha kaweake o ngā moutere, ā, ka iti iho ngā pānga o waho.

Tuatoru, me neke atu te mahi tahi ā-rohe a Ōhia i tua atu o ngā anga tuku iho. Ko ngā tikanga ngāwari a ngā whenua o Amerika Latina i te whakakotahitanga ā-rohe—pērā i te ngāwari o ngā pūnaha o Te Hononga o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa me Mercosur—he mea hei whāinga mā te Whakaaetanga Hokohoko Tūturu o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa (PACER). Ko te mākete hua ahuwhenua o Ōhia e tino whakakotahi ana, e tino anga atu ana ki waho, ka nui ake tōna mana kōrero i te pūnaha kai ā-ao.Tuawhā, ko te hononga o ngā hanganga matua te kaiārahi o te whanaketanga ōhanga ā-rohe. Ko te pūtea tahi mō ngā kaupapa pērā i te huarahi raweka o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa ki te tonga, ngā hanganga matua ā-mati mō te ahuwhenua, me ngā tauranga mōhio, kia noho hei aronga matua o te mahi tahi a Ahitereiria, Aotearoa me ngā whenua moutere mō ngā tau tekau kei mua. Ehara tēnei i te mea e pā ana ki ngā pūtea ōhanga anake, engari ki te mana motuhake rautaki ā-rohe. Mā te mahi tahi a ngā kāwanatanga o Ōhia me ngā whakahaere pūtea whanaketanga ā-ao e taea ai te whakatinana i tēnei tirohanga.

Whakakapinga：Te whakatau anō i te rautaki hokohoko ahuwhenua o Ōhia

Ko te mapi hou o ngā kaweake ahuwhenua o Amerika Latina, ehara i te kitenga tawhiti mō Ōhia, engari he prisma e whakaata ana i te hurihanga anō o ngā mana o te mekameka tuku ao. Me mōhio a Ahitereiria, Aotearoa me ngā moutere o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa, i roto i te hurihanga ao o te kai, te kai kararehe me te muka, kāore he rohe e taea te wehe i tana whakaputa i tēnei whatunga whai mana maha. Ko te tino angitū, ehara i te tārua i te ara o Amerika Latina, engari ko te whakamahi i ōna ake āhuatanga matawhenua, pūnaha me ngā rawa auaha, ki te tautuhi i tētahi "huarahi hua ahuwhenua o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa ki te Tonga" hou. Me waihanga e ngā kaihanga kaupapa here, ngā kaiwhakangao pūtea me ngā kaihanga, he rautaki e aro ana ki ngā tau tekau kei mua, ehara i te mea kia urutau noa ki te panonitanga, engari kia puāwai i roto i taua panonitanga.