Te whakaaturanga o te kore e whakaaetia o ngā hua ahuwhenua o Inia: Ngā whai wāhitanga me ngā wero o te ahuwhenua ki te Ao-o-Kiwa.

Te Tirohanga a-Rohe ki te Raruraru o te Whakaputa Hua Ahuwhenua o Inia

Ko Inia he whenua nui e whakaputa ana i ngā hua ahuwhenua ki te ao, e tata ana ki te $51.2 piriona ia tau, engari he maha ngā wā e parea ana ā rātou hua i ngā mākete o tāwāhi. Nō nā tata nei, ko te tātaritanga a te Crop Care Federation of India (CCFI) i ahu mai i ngā raraunga a te United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) i whakaatu i tētahi meka matua: i roto i ngā tau 14 kua hipa, e 81% o ngā take parea ehara i te pātotu ahuwhenua, ā, e 19% anake e pā ana ki te toenga pātotu ahuwhenua. He whakaaro nui tēnei mō te āhua o te whakaputa hua ahuwhenua ki te Ao-o-Kiwa.

Papamuri: Te Piki Haere o ngā Paerewa Haumaru Kai o te Ao

Ko ngā tino wāhi e tukuna ai ngā hua ahuwhenua a Inia ko te Kotahitanga o Ūropi, te Hononga o Amerika, Haina, United Arab Emirates, me Saudi Arabia. E kaha haere ana ngā paerewa haumaru kai i ēnei mākete mō ngā hua ahuwhenua kawemai, ehara i te mea ko te toenga pātotu ahuwhenua anake, engari kei roto ko te parahanga moroiti, te tika o ngā tapanga, te āhei ki te whai hoki, me ērā atu whakaritenga katoa o te rāngai. Ko ngā raru e puta pinepine ana i ngā hua a Inia, pērā i te salmonella, te nui o te aflatoxin, te hē o ngā tapanga, me te ngaro o ngā tuhinga, e whakaatu ana i te pikinga o ngā "ārai kore-pātotu ahuwhenua" i roto i te rāngai tohatoha o te ao.

Tātaritanga Hōhonu: Ngā Whai Wāhi me ngā Wero mō te Ao-o-Kiwa

Pānga Ōhanga ā-Rohe: Te Tūnga Whakataetae o ngā Hua Ahuwhenua o te Ao-o-Kiwa

Kua rongonui a Ahitereiria me Aotearoa mō ā rātou hua ahuwhenua e mau ana ki ngā paerewa tiketike, inā koa i te waiū, te mīti kau, te kaimoana, me ngā hua māra. Ko te nui o te ōrau o ngā hua a Inia e parea ana nā ngā take kore-pātotu ahuwhenua (81%), e whakaatu ana ahakoa kei te tika te whakahaere i te pātotu ahuwhenua, ko te wāwāhi i ētahi atu wāhanga ka mate tonu te whai wāhi ki ngā mākete. Ka whai wāhi tēnei mō Ahitereiria me Aotearoa ki te whakapakari i tō rātou tūranga i ngā mākete utu nui – mā te whakapakari i te whakahaere kounga puta noa i te rāngai, te whakapai ake i ngā pūnaha whai, me te tika o ngā tuhinga.

Mō ngā motu o te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa pērā i Whīti, Papua Niu Kini, Hāmoa, he uaua ake te āhuatanga. Ko ā ēnei whenua e whakaputa ana he hua motuhake (pērā i te wai Fijian, ngā hua niu, me te noni), e pā ana anō ki ngā tirotiro tika a te Kotahitanga o Ūropi me te mākete o Amerika-ki-te-Raki. Ko te tauira a Inia e whakaatu ana ko te parahanga moroiti me ngā raru o te rokiroki me te kawe he tūpono mō ngā hua o ngā motu. Me whakapau kaha ngā whakahaere whanaketanga ā-rohe ki te whakangao i te rāngai mātao me te kaha ki te tirotiro me te whakamātau.

Pānga Tauwhiro: Te Whakakapi Mākete me te Whakarerekē Rāngai Toha

I muri i te paheketanga o ngā hua a Inia pērā i te raihi (ina koa te raihi Basmati), ngā mea kakara, me te mango, ka riro pea te wāhi i ngā mākete ki ētahi atu whenua whakaputa. Ahakoa kāore a Ahitereiria me Aotearoa e whakataetae tika ana i te raihi me te mango o te kounga tiketike, kei a rāua te pai i ngā hua rauwhero me ngā hua kua whakamana. Hei tauira, kua pūmau te tūranga o te mango a Ahitereiria i ngā mākete o Āhia (Hapani, Korea-ki-te-Tonga), ā, ka taea te whakawhānui atu ki te mākete o Amerika-ki-te-Raki. I tua atu, ko ngā kaimoana a Inia (koe) i parea nā te toenga rongoā patu moroiti, ka whai wāhi tēnei mō te mahi ahumoana taupua o Ahitereiria me Aotearoa.

I te tahi taha, nā te tauira a Inia, ka nui ake pea te auau o te tirotiro a ngā kaiwhiho ki ngā kaiwhakarato, ka piki ake ngā utu o te whakataunga ki ngā kaiwhakaputa o te Ao-o-Kiwa. Engari mō te wā roa, ka awhina ngā paerewa tiketike ki te tiaki i te ingoa o te mākete, ā, ka taea e ngā hua ahuwhenua o te Ao-o-Kiwa te whiwhi utu teitei ake i runga i te "haumaru utu nui".### Te pānga o te whakangao: Ka noho te mekameka umanga hātepe kai hei kaupapa hou

• I muri i te whakakāhore i ngā kawenga ā-India, ko te ngoikore o ngā wāhanga mekameka umanga pēnei i te whakamātautau kai, te tiwhikete, te takai me te hangarau whai-muri. Ko tēnei āhua ka kukume i te moni whakangao ki ngā wāhanga e whakapiki ana i te kaha tiaki kai. I Oceania, ko ngā aronga whakangao:
• Whare whakamātautau me ngā whakahaere tiwhikete: Ka whiwhi pea ngā kamupene ratonga whakamātautau o Ahitereiria me Aotearoa i ētahi atu ota tukunga-waho.
• Rawa mekameka mātao me ngā whare putunga: Inarā ko te hiahia whakapai ake i ngā tauranga me ngā pokapū whakawhiti rawa o ngā moutere o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa.
• Pūnaha whai-muri matihiko ā-ahuwhenua: Ka toro atu ngā hangarau whai-muri pēnei i te poraka mekameka mai i ngā kamupene kawe ki waho ki te taha whakato.

Te pānga whanaketanga: Te āputa paerewa o ngā moutere o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa

Ko te ohanga pāmu iti o ngā moutere o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa e uaua ana mō te tangata pāmu takitahi ki te utu i te utu hātepe katoa. Me whakaaro ngā whakahaere whanaketanga ā-ao (pēnei i te Peeke Whanaketanga Āhia me te Peeke o te Ao) ki te whakapiki ake i te āwhina motuhake ki ngā moutere mō te "hanganga kaha tiaki kai", hei āwhina i a rātou ki te whakatū i tētahi pūnaha mana kounga mai i te māra ki te tauranga. Ki te kore, ki te tahuri atu a Īnia me ētahi atu whenua whanaketanga nui ki te hoko utu ita i muri i te aukati i ngā kawenga ki waho, ka panaia pea ngā hua moutere ki waho o te mākete e te pakanga utu.

Regional Implications (Ngā pānga ā-rohe)

• Ehara te takahanga whakakāhore kawenga kai a Īnia i te whakaakoranga mō te whenua whanaketanga anake, engari he tohu anō mō te rohe katoa o Oceania ki te whakatikatika i te rautaki hokohoko.
• Ahitereiria: Me whakamahi i tōna pūnaha rangahau ā-ahuwhenua me te whakahaere matua, hei whakatairanga i te whakaaetanga tauutuutu o ngā paerewa tiaki kai i roto i te rohe Āhia-Kīwa, hei whakaiti i ngā ārai kore-tāke.
• Aotearoa: Me whakapau kaha tonu tōna āhua "parakore māori" ki te pupuri i te whakawhirinaki o ngā kaihoko, ā, me whai i te tauira o Īnia ki te whakapiki i ngā tikanga ārai.
• Ngā moutere o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa: Me mahi ngātahi, mā te huinga pēnei i te Pacific Islands Forum (PIF) hei whiriwhiri i ngā paerewa kawe ki waho kotahi, ā, me rapu āwhina hangarau ā-ao.

Ngā ia-roa: Te whanaketanga i ngā tau 3-10 e haere mai

I roto i ngā tau e 3 e haere mai, e matapae ana ka kaha ake te whakatau a ngā whenua kawemai kai ā-ao ki te whakamātautau moroiti me ngā whakaritenga tuhinga, inarā ko te Whakaaetanga Kākāriki a te EU me te whakahoutanga o te Ture Whakamana Hōtaka Kai o Amerika. Mēnā ka tūtuki tuatahi ngā whenua o Oceania i te whakapai ake o te mekameka umanga katoa, ka whiwhi painga tuatahi i ngā mākete hou o Āhia me te Middle East.

I roto i ngā tau e 5 e haere mai, ka tūpono atu te āhua "parakore, kākāriki" o Ahitereiria me Aotearoa ki te whakamana raraunga kaha ake, engari ko te tūpono "kore-paitini" i whakaaturia e te tauira o Īnia ko te kaha tonu o rātou. Mēnā kāore e taea e ngā moutere o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa te whakapai ake i te mekameka mātao me te kaha whakamātautau i roto i te 5 tau, ka taea pea te tāpae atu i a rātou ki waho o te mākete utu nui.

I roto i ngā tau 10 e haere mai, ka tūpono ka noho ngā paerewa tiaki kai hei āhua matua o ngā ārai kore-tāke. Me whakatū te rohe o Oceania i tētahi "Whakakotahitanga Tiaki Kai" i roto i te rohe, hei tohatoha i ngā mahi pai rawa, hei whakakotahi i ngā pūnaha tiwhikete, kia whakapiki ngātahi i te whakataetae.

Conclusion## Whakataunga

Ko ngā raraunga whakahoki kai o Inia e whakaatu ana i te meka kua warewaretia: kei te huri ngā ārai hokohoko o te ao mai i ngā toenga patu aitanga ki te whakaritenga whānui o te roanga. Mō Ōtāwai, he wāhi tēnei hei whakapakari i ngā mākete teitei, he paepae whanaketanga hoki mō ngā motu o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa e tika ana kia eke. Ki te whai i te haumi whakamua me te ruruku kaupapa here, ka taea e Ōtāwai te huri i te haumaru kai hei whakataetae whakaputa hei hoko.

• Ngā Tino Whiwhinga:
• E 81 ōrau o ngā whakahoki a Inia i takea mai i ngā āhuatanga kore-patu aitanga, e whakaatu ana ko te poke moroiti, ngā tapanga me ngā raruraru tuhinga he ārai nui rawa.
• Ko ngā kai o Ahitereiria me Aotearoa e whai paerewa teitei ana ka whai hua i te hiahia nui ake o te mākete mō te haumaru.
• Me whakahaere tonu e ngā motu o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa te haumi ki ngā mekameka whakamātao, te whakamātautau me te kaha aroturuki, kei noho ki waho o te mākete.
• Ko te mahi tahi ā-rohe te mea matua hei whakatutuki i ngā wero tahi, pērā i te whakatakoto paerewa whakaputa kotahi.
• I roto i ngā tau 10 e haere ake nei, ko te whakaritenga kore-patu aitanga te ture hokohoko, me whai wāhi Ōtāwai ki te whakahāngai i tēnei kaupapa.