Ka pēhea te mahi tahi o te whakawhiti hiko o te ao e pā ana ki te whakawhitinga pūngao o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa?

He whakararu i te raupapa tuku hiko: Kua timata te mahi tahi o te ao

I te Hune o te tau 2026, i te Wiki Mahi ā-Ahuarangi ki Rānana, i whakaputa tahi ngā kamupene whakahaere hiko matua o te ao me ngā kaihanga taputapu hiko mā te whakahaere a te Kotahitanga o ngā Whenua o te Ao mō te Whaihua o te Pūngao me te Uru Hiko (UNEZA) i tētahi mahere huarahi e whai ana ki te whakapakari i te raupapa tuku hiko. E aro ana tēnei mahere huarahi ki te whakatika i te hiahia nui mō ngā hanganga whakawhiti hiko e pupū ake ana i te hurihanga ki te pūngao mā, e tautoko ana i te neke atu i te $1 trillion o ngā haumi pūngao mā o te ao.

Mō Oceania, ehara tēnei mahi a te ao i te purongo umanga tawhiti, engari he mea e pā ana ki te tere o te hurihanga pūngao o te rohe, te utu o ngā haumi hanganga, me te kaha whakataetae ōhanga mō te wā roa.

Te Pūtake: He aukatinga raupapa tuku i raro i te ngaru hiko

Kei te piki te tono hiko o te ao i te tere o te 3% ia tau, kei te piki tere te whakaurunga o te pūngao whakahou, engari ko te tere o te whakawhanui me te whakahou i te whatunga hiko kei muri rawa. E whakaaro ana te International Energy Agency (IEA) ka hiahiatia kia 80 miriona kiromita raina whakawhiti hiko hou, kia whakahoutia rānei ā-tao ki te tau 2030. Engari, kei te tino whakaaweawe te raupapa tuku o ngā wāhanga whatunga matua pērā i te transformer, ngā taputapu whakawhiti, me ngā taura hiko teitei, ā, he iti te kaha whakaputa.

E toru ngā pou o te mahere huarahi a UNEZA: te whakanui i te kaha whakaputa; te whakamomo rau i ngā puna kaiwhakarato; te whakatairanga i te whakataurite me te mahi tahi. Kua haina te oati e neke atu i te 30 kamupene whakahaere hiko me ngā kaihanga o te ao, tae atu ki a Enel, E.ON, Siemens Energy, Hitachi Energy, me ētahi atu.

Tirohanga o Oceania: Te taumaha o te whatunga me te hiahia hurihanga

Ahitereiria: Te hanga ā-rohe me te haumarutanga o te raupapa tuku

Kei te anga a Ahitereiria ki te wero nui o te whakawhiti o te pūnaha hiko mai i te waro ki te pūngao whakahou. E hiahia ana tana Mākete Hiko ā-Motu (NEM) kia whakawhānuihia ngā raina whakawhiti hiko nui, hei hono i ngā kaupapa hau me te rā i ngā rohe tawhiti. I tēnei wā, kei te tino whakawhirinaki a Ahitereiria ki nga transformer kawemai me ngā taputapu hiko teitei, nō Haina me Ūropi te nuinga.

Ka taea e te mahere huarahi mahi tahi o te raupapa tuku hiko o te ao te akiaki i te hanga ā-rohe. Kua tautoko te Kāwanatanga e hāngai o Ahitereiria i te whakaputanga o ngā taputapu whatunga mā te "Mahere Hangahanga Hou", ā, mā te rereketanga o te raupapa tuku o te ao e kaha ake ai tōna kaha whiriwhiri utu. Heoi, kei te tūpono tonu te tuku roa o ngā taputapu matua pērā i te transformer i roto i te wā poto, e pā ana ki te wātaka hononga whatunga o ngā kaupapa pūngao whakahou.

Aotearoa: Te tere o te hono pūngao whakahou ki te whatunga

Kei a Aotearoa te ōwehenga neke atu i te 80% o te whakaputa pūngao whakahou, engari kei te piki ake te raruraru o te whatunga koroheke. I te horahanga o ngā waka hiko me ngā pāmahana, kei te piki te taumaha o te kawenga mō te wā tino nui. Ka whai hua ngā mahere haumi whatunga o Aotearoa (pērā i te kaupapa "Accelerate Connection" a Transpower) i te mahi tahi o te raupapa tuku o te ao, engari i te mea he mākete iti, kei te ngoikore ki te hoko mai i te ao.

Kei te whakanui te mahere huarahi a UNEZA i te kaha o te raupapa tuku mō ngā moutere iti me ngā rohe tawhiti, e tino pā ana ki te hiahia whatunga o Te Waipounamu me ngā hapori tuwhene pērā i ngā Moutere o Chatham. Ko ngā wāhanga whakataurite e tūmanako ana ka whakaiti i te utu o ngā kaupapa whatunga iti.

Ngā Whenua Moutere o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa: Te ti'aturi matua ki ngā hanganga mārō āhuarangi

Mō ngā whenua moutere pērā i Whīti, Papua New Guinea, me Hāmoa, ehara te whatunga hiko i te hanganga ōhanga anake, engari ko te matua o te kaha urutau āhuarangi.### Whenua Moana-nui-a-Kiwa: Ko te Whakawhirinaki Matua mo te Hanganga Rautaki ā-Āhuarangi

Mō ngā whenua moutere pērā i Whīti, Papua Nūkini, Hāmoa, ko te whatunga hiko ehara i te hanganga ōhanga anake, engari ko te pūtake o te kaha urutau ki te āhuarangi. Ko ēnei whenua e tino whakawhirinaki ana ki te whakaputa hiko mā te hinu diesel, he marara, he ngoikore hoki ngā whatunga hiko. E akiaki ana ngā umanga pūtea whakawhanake ā-ao (pērā i te Peeke Whakawhanake Āhia, te Peeke o te Ao) i te whakatakotoranga o ngā pūnaha microgrid me ngā pūnaha rākau koura me te penapena hiko.

Heoi, kua roa e noho ana te raru o te whakaratonga taputapu pērā i ngā pūwhiti iti, ngā kaihurihuri penapena hiko. Ki te taea e te mahere mahi whakahoahoa a-ao te kawe mai i te nui ake o te whakaratonga me te utu whakataetae ake, ka tere whakatere i te whakakapinga hiko mai i ngā pūngao whakahou mō ngā moutere o Moana-nui-a-Kiwa. I te wā anō, ko te whakamōhio i ngā kaiwhakarato maha ka āwhina ki te whakaiti i ngā tūraru tōrangapū ā-rohe, kia kore ai e whakawhirinaki ki te pūnaha kotahi.

Ngā Pānga ā-Rohe: Te Mahi Ngātahi me Te Whakataetae

Ahakoa i ārahina e tētahi rōpū ā-ao te mahere mahi, e whakaatu ana i te whakataetae ahumahi o te rohe Āhia-Kiwa. Ko Haina te whenua nui rawa atu o te ao mō te hanga taputapu whatunga hiko, ā, e ngana ana ngā whenua pērā i Inia, Whitināma, me Mehiko ki te whakarahi ake i te kaha whakaputa. Mō Ahitereiria me Aotearoa, e whakaatu ana tēnei i te whai wāhi hei pokapū tohatoha ā-rohe, hei whakauru rānei i ngā hoa mahi hou.

Ko ngā moutere o Moana-nui-a-Kiwa e aro ana ki te wero "kiromita whakamutunga": ahakoa te pikinga o te whakaratonga ā-ao, he uaua tonu ki te kukume i te aro o ngā kaiwhakanao ki ngā ota iti, marara. Me whakarite e te UNEZA kia whai wāhi ki te mahere mahi ngā tikanga motuhake mō ngā whenua moutere e whanake ana, pērā i ngā pūnaha hoko papatipu, ngā painga pūtea rānei.

Ngā Āhuatanga Roa: Te Panoni Whatunga Tukunga Tēnā nei e Rua Tekau Tau

I roto i ngā tau 3-5 e heke mai nei, ka uru Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa ki te wā tipu tere mō te haumi whatunga hiko. Ka waihanga te "Mahere Whakawhānui Whatunga Hiko" o Ahitereiria me te "Rautaki Pūngao Whakahou" o Aotearoa i te hiahia mō ngā taputapu e hia piriona tāra. Ka āhei te whakahoahoa a-ao ki te angitu i runga i:

1. Te whakarite a ngā kāwanatanga i te tohu hiahia māro, roa; 2. Te hiahia o ngā kamupene tāwāhi ki te whakatū wheketere ki Ahitereiria, ki te rohe Moana-nui-a-Kiwa rānei; 3. Te whakamutu i ngā aukati hangarau mā te whakaaetanga paerewa.

Kī atu ki te tau 2035, ka puta pea he whatunga tukunga hiko ā-rohe, mārō ake i roto i Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa, ā, ka piki ake te hokohoko ā-roto (pērā i te kawe wāhanga a Ahitereiria ki ngā moutere). Engari, ka piki ake pea te utu o te whatunga tukunga i te wā poto, ā, ka heke iho i te wā roa i runga i te pānga o te nui.

Whakataunga

Ko te whakakaha i te whatunga tukunga hiko a ngā umanga whakahaere hiko me ngā kaiwhakanao o te ao, he whai wāhi, he whakamātautau hoki mō Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa. Kei a Ahitereiria te whai wāhi ki te whakamahi i ōna rawa me ōna mātauranga hangarau hei akiaki i te hanga ā-rohe, ka taea e Aotearoa te whakatere i te hono pūngao whakahou ki te whatunga, ā, ko ngā moutere o Moana-nui-a-Kiwa e hiahia ana kia whakaritea e te hapori ao kia tika te whiwhi i ngā taputapu matua. Ko te angitu o te whakatōpū pūngao ā-rohe, ka whakawhirinaki ki te kaha o ngā whenua o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa ki te whai wāhi me te whiwhi painga i tēnei anga whakahaere ā-ao.