FAO Te Tirohanga ki ngā tau 2026-2035: Ngā Āhuatanga e Toru o te Ao e Whakahou ana i te Hokohoko Ahuwhenua – Ngā Whairawa me ngā Wero o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa

Kupu Whakataki

I te marama o Hune 2026, i whakaputa tahi te Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) me te Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) i te pūrongo "Agricultural Outlook 2026-2035". I tātarihia e tēnei pūrongo te hurihanga nui o te maakete kai o te ao i roto i ngā tau tekau e whai ake, me te whakaatu e toru ngā āhua nui e whakarerekē hōhonu ai i te tauhokohoko kai: te tipu o te tono mai i ngā ōhanga whanake, te panoni o ngā kai a ngā kaihoko ki ngā hua utu nui, me te ngohengohe haere o te tūranga o Haina hei pūtakanga tono o te ao.

Mō ngā ōhanga o Oceania e aro nui ana ki te nuku i ngā hua ahuwhenua – inarā ko Ahitereiria me Aotearoa – ko ēnei toru āhua he whai wāhi rautaki, he wero hoki i te hanganga. Ahakoa he iti noa ngā whenua moutere o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa, ko te ahuwhenua me te hī ika tonu te taurakira o ō rātou ōhanga, e pā ana hoki ki ngā panoni o te mākete. Ka tirohia e tēnei tuhinga i te tirohanga ōhanga-ā-rohe, me te pūhonohono i te pānga o ēnei āhua ki te tauhokohoko kai, te rere haere o ngā whakangao, me ngā ara whanaketanga-roa o Oceania.

Papamuri

Kei te huri uaua te tauhokohoko kai o te ao. Ko ngā raruraru ā-tōrangapū, ngā āhuatanga o te rangi, me te huringa o te kaha o te mākete e pēhia ana ngā tauira tauhokohoko tawhito. Ko te pūrongo tirohanga tahi a FAO rāua ko OECD i ahu mai i te tauira ōhanga matua, he matapae i te whakaputanga, te whakapaunga, te tauhokohoko, me te utu mō ngā tau tekau e whai ake. E whakaatu ana te pūrongo, ka tupu te whakapaunga i ngā whenua whai whiwhinga iti ki waenga i te tipu o te taupori me te pikinga o te whiwhinga, ā, kei te kukū te hiahia o ngā whenua whai whiwhinga nui.

Mō Oceania, ko te nuku i ngā hua ahuwhenua te wāhanga nui o tā rātou tauhokohoko ā-ao. Ko Ahitereiria te kaiwhakaputa matua o te mīti kau, te witi, ngā hua miraka, me te wāina; ko Aotearoa e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā hua miraka, te mīti hipi, me te kiwi. Ko ngā whenua moutere o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa, pērā i Whiti, Papua Niu Kini, ka whakaputa i te huka, te hinu nikau, te tūno, me ētahi atu hua taketake. Ko te tūtukinga o ā rātou tauhokohoko e herea kaha ana ki ngā āhua tono o te ao.

Tātaritanga Hōhonu

Tononga a ngā Ōhanga Whanake: Pūtakanga Hou mō te Nuku a Oceania

E matapae ana te pūrongo, i waenga i ngā tau 2026-2035 ka piki te uara o te whakapaunga kai me te hī ika o te ao mā te 12.5%, ā, ko te tonga o Āhia (Southeast Asia) me Īnia ka whai wāhi ki te 39% o te tipu katoa o te whakapaunga o te ao. Ko te take matua o tēnei pikinga ko te tere o te tāone me te pikinga o te mana hoko, e puta ai te hiahia nui ki te pūmua, ngā kai tukatuka, me ngā hua hou kounga pai.

Pānga ā-rohe: Mō Oceania, he wāhi nui tēnei ki te kanorau mākete. Kei te pūhoi te tipu o ngā mākete tuku a Ahitereiria me Aotearoa (pērā i Haina, Amerika, me te Ūropi), ā, ko te whakaohooho o te tonga o Āhia me Āhia-ki-te-Tonga te whakakapi. Hei tauira, he kaha te whakataetae o te mīti kau me te witi a Ahitereiria, me ngā hua miraka me ngā kiwi a Aotearoa i ngā mākete o te tonga o Āhia. Heoi, e whakaatu ana te pūrongo, he ngoikore ngā hanganga o ēnei mākete hou, ā, kei te kaha te raru o te raupapa whakamātao me te kawe waka, e aukati ai i te urunga mākete o ngā hua utu nui. Ki te kore e taea e ngā kaihoko nuku o Oceania te whakaiti i te mate i waenga i te raupapa tuku, ka uaua te whakatutuki i te taonga o ā rātou hua.

Ko ngā hua hī ika a ngā whenua moutere o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa (pērā i te tūno) he pito tono hoki i te tonga o Ākia, engari e hiahiatia ana te whakangao ki ngā tauranga me ngā whare tukatuka hei whakapiki i te uara anamata.

Kanorau Kai: Matapihi Whaiwāhi mō ngā Hua Ahuwhenua Utu Nui

E whakaatu ana te pūrongo, kei te pūhoi te huri o te hanganga kai o te ao mai i ngā kai matua ki ngā kai matatini ake, tae atu ki ngā hua kararehe, hua moana, me ngā huawhenua rākau hou.E ai te pūrongo, kei te pūmau haere te hanga kai o te ao i ngā kai tūturu ki ngā kai e nui ake ana te kai whāngai, tae atu ki ngā hua kararehe, ngā ika me ngā hua whenua hou. Ko tēnei āhuatanga e kitea whānuitia ana ki ngā ōhanga hou e tipu tere ana te whiwhinga moni. Mō te Ao-o-Kiwa, he painga tōtika tēnei ki ngā hua ahuwhenua utu nui e kawea ana ki tāwāhi.

Ngā pānga ā-rohe: Ka whai hua ngā mīti kau, mīti hipi, miraka me ngā hua rākau hou (pērā i te here, te āporo, te kiwi) o Ahitereiria me Aotearoa i tēnei tikanga. I te wā kotahi, ko te hiahia o ngā kaihoko ki ngā hua hauora, toitū hoki e wātea ana i te wāhi mō ngā hua parakore me ngā hua whāngai i te tī ngahere o te Ao-o-Kiwa. Heoi, e whakatūpato ana te pūrongo, ki te piki nui te utu o ngā taonga hokohoko ā-ao nā te pānga o te āhua o te rangi, te aukati rānei i te tuku taonga, ka taea e ngā kaihoko o ngā mākete hou e aro nui ana ki te utu te hoki ki ngā kai tūturu, nā reira ka whakaiti i te hiahia ki ngā hua utu nui. Ko te tikanga, me hanga e ngā kaihoko o te Ao-o-Kiwa te pono o te waitohu me ngā kirimana wā roa kia pai ai te whakahaere i ngā rerekētanga o te wā poto.

Kei te tūmanako hoki ngā whenua motu o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa i roto i ngā mākete iti (pērā i te kai niu, te mea kakara), engari me whakamahi ngā whakaaetanga hokohoko ā-rohe (pērā i te PACER Plus) hei whakaiti i ngā ārai utu.

Te pōnghaehae o te tono a Haina: Me huritau te Ao-o-Kiwa ki te āhua hou

Ko tētahi panonitanga e kitea ana i te pūrongo ko te whakarerekētanga o te tūranga o Haina. Ki te tau 2035, ko te takoha a Haina ki te tipu o te kai kai ā-ao ka heke iho ki te 13% noa iho, i runga i te mākona o te hiahia kai a te tangata me te iti o te taupori. I te wā kotahi, ko ngā ture hauora a te kāwanatanga o Haina (pērā i te *Aratohu Whakawhanake Kai Whāngai* e whakaiti ana i te kohi huka o ia rā) e whakaiti ana i te hoko o ētahi hua ahuwhenua.

Ngā pānga ā-rohe: He whakatūpato nui tēnei mō Ahitereiria me Aotearoa e whakawhirinaki nui ana ki te mākete o Haina. Ko te mīti kau, te wāina, te parei me ētahi atu hua a Ahitereiria i whai hua i te tipu nui o te tono a Haina, engari kua whakakitea e ngā raruraru hokohoko o ngā tau tata nei te tūpono o te whakawhirinaki nui rawa. Ahakoa te nui o te whakawhirinaki o ngā miraka a Aotearoa ki te mākete o Haina, kei te tere haere ngā mahi whakaraerae. Ka whakaū te pūrongo i tēnei tikanga: i ngā tau tekau e whai ake nei, e kore te Ao-o-Kiwa e tūmanako ki te tipu tonu o ngā kawenga mai i Haina, engari me whakawhanake kaha i ngā mākete hou.

I tētahi taha, ko te pikinga o te awheawhe kai a Haina i roto i te whenua, me te pikinga o te kawenga mai i ētahi atu puna (pērā i Parīhi, Asean) ka aukati pea i te wāhi o te Ao-o-Kiwa. Me whakamahi a Ahitereiria me Aotearoa i tō rāua ingoa kounga me te tata ā-whakapapa ki te hanga i ngā huarahi hokohoko hou i Āhia-ki-te-tonga, Īnia me te Mākete Waenga.

Ngā pānga ā-rohe

He aha te tikanga mō te rohe katoa o te Ao-o-Kiwa

Ko ēnei tikanga nui e toru e mahi tahi ana, ka puta he wehenga me te whakakotahitanga i roto i te Ao-o-Kiwa.

• Ahitereiria me Aotearoa: Hei whenua whakaputa hua ahuwhenua mātauranga, he kaha rāua ki te whakangao ki te whakapai ake i te rūria tuku me te whakawhanake mākete. Engari ko ngā wero: me pēhea te whakahaere i te pōnghaehae o te hanganga o te mākete o Haina, me pēhea te pupuri i te kounga o ngā hua i ngā wā e kore e rawaka ngā hanganga i ngā mākete hou, me pēhea hoki te whakautu ki ngā kaupapahere āhuarangi o te ao e whakaiti ana i te tukunga waro o te ahuwhenua. Ka kaha pea te whakataetae i waenganui i a rāua i te mākete o Āhia-ki-te-tonga.- Ngā Moutere o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa : He ngoikore ake ēnei ōhanga, engari ka taea e rātou te whakamahi i te hiahia o ngā ōhanga hou ki ngā hua o te tāwhai (pērā i te hinu nikau, hinu kokonati, tuna) hei whakatipu. Heoi, kāore ō rātou pūkenga waka whakamātao me te tukatuka, ā, he pāngia hoki e ngā panonitanga āhuarangi me ngā pāngia taiao. Me whai wāhi ngā tikanga mahi tahi a rohe (pērā i te Hui Ngā Moutere o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa, te Whakahaere Tauhokohoko o Ngā Moutere o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa) hei turanga, hei kukume i te pūtea whakawhanake me te āwhina hangarau, kia taea ai te hono atu i te pāmu ki te mākete.

• Te Rere o te Tauhokohoko me te Haumi : E matapaetia ana ka rere te whakapaipai ki ngā tauranga, whare whakamātao, whare tukatuka i Āhia-ki-te-Rāwhiti me Īnia, hei whakaiti i ngā ārai. Ko te haumi āhuwhenua i Ao-teāroa ka huri pea i te mahi whakaputa noa ki te whakauru whakapae, tae atu ki te whakatū i ngā whatunga tohatoha ki ngā mākete e whāia ana. Ko te whakamahinga o te pūngao whakahou i roto i te rīngi whakamātao ka noho hei kaupapa hou, hei whakaheke i te utu me te tapuwae waro.

• Te Whakawhanaketanga Roa : Ki te tau 2035, ka rerekee ake ngā hua āhuwhenua o Ao-teāroa, ka iti iho te whakawhirinaki ki Haina, ka piki ake te wāhanga o Āhia-ki-te-Rāwhiti. Engari kei te noho tonu ngā raru o te rerekētanga o ngā utu kai o te ao me te tiakanga tauhokohoko hou. Me whakawhirinaki pea ngā Moutere o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa ki te tauhokohoko i roto i te rohe (pērā i te kawe atu i ngā hua o te wā ki Aotearoa), me te whakawhanake i ngā hua tukatuka utu nui ake.

Ngā Āhuatanga Roa

Ki te titiro ki te 3-10 tau e heke mai nei, ko ēnei panonitanga e tika ana kia arohia:

• Te Whakatere i te Rerekētanga o ngā Mākete : Ka whakahōhonu a Ahitereiria me Aotearoa i ā rāua tiriti tauhokohoko herekore ki te ASEAN, Īnia me ngā whenua o te Kaunihera mo te Moana-ā-rāwhiti (GCC). I roto i ngā rima tau e heke mai, ka noho pea a Āhia-ki-te-Rāwhiti hei mākete nui rawa atu mō ngā hua āhuwhenua o Ao-teāroa.
• Te Whakapiki i ngā Haumi Whatunga : E matapaetia ana ka nui haere te haumi i roto i ngā hanganga matua o te Tonga o te Ao, ka aro nui te Pēke Whakawhanake Ahia (ADB) ki te pūtea tautoko i ngā rīngi whakamātao me ngā papaaho tauhokohoko matihiko. Ka uru pea ngā kamupene o Ao-teāroa ki roto, mā te tuku hangarau, whakapaipai rānei.
• Te Whakakaha ake i ngā Ture Hauora : Ehara i te mea ko Haina anake, engari he maha ngā whenua ka whakatau i ngā kaupapa here whakaiti huka, whakaiti tote, ka pā ki te tauhokohoko kai tukatuka. Me urutau a Ao-teāroa ki ngā paerewa tapanga me te whakamana taumata teitei ake.
• Te Kaha Ki te Āhuarangi hei Pūmanawa Whakataetae Matua : Ko te pikinga o ngā āhuatanga huarere tino kaha ka pā ki te pūmau o te whakaputa āhuwhenua o Ao-teāroa. Ko te haumi ki ngā momo ātete ki te tauraki, hangarau whakamakuku me ngā kaupapa inihua, ka noho hei mea matua ki te whakarite i te tuku hua ki waho.

Whakataunga

Ko te Whakakitenga Āhuwhenua 2026-2035 a te FAO e whakaatu ana i tētahi tirohanga hōhonu o te panonitanga o te tauhokohoko āhuwhenua o te ao. Mō Ao-teāroa, ko te aranga ake o ngā ōhanga hou me te ia o te kai uara nui e whakarato ana i tētahi mana hou mō te tipu, engari ko te whakaheke haere o te hiahia o Haina e kaha akiaki ana i te rohe ki te whakatere i te rerekētanga o ngā mākete. Ko ngā ārai hanganga matua, ngā raru o te rerekētanga o ngā utu me te pāngia o te āhuarangi he wero matua hei whakatutuki.

Ko te tino kitenga: Kāore te āmuara āhuwhenua o Ao-teāroa e whakawhirinaki ki tētahi mākete kotahi, engari kei te kaha ki te hanga whatunga tauhokohoko tūturu i waenganui i Āhia-ki-te-Rāwhiti, Īnia me Ngā Moutere o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa. Ko te haumi ki te whakahou i te whatunga whakarato, te hanga waitohu me te mahi tahi a rohe, ka whakatau mena ka taea e tēnei rohe te pupuri i tōna mana whakataetae i te horopaki āhuwhenua o te ao i te tau 2035.